Guide · Buying

What is SCOP on a heat pump?

The one number that decides whether your bills go up or down.

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SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) is the average units of heat a heat pump delivers per unit of electricity consumed across a full heating season. A well-designed UK air source system achieves a SCOP of 3.5–4.5, meaning 1 kWh of electricity produces 3.5–4.5 kWh of heat; anything below 3.0 usually indicates flow temperatures that are too high.

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SCOP versus COP

COP is a snapshot at one operating condition, usually quoted at 7°C outdoor and 35°C flow. SCOP averages performance across a whole season, including cold days and defrost cycles. Manufacturer COP figures always look better than the SCOP you will experience.

Always compare quoted SCOP at the same flow temperature. A SCOP of 4.6 at 35°C and 3.4 at 55°C can be the same machine.

What a SCOP figure is worth in money

  • SCOP 3.0 — 12,000 kWh of heat costs about £1,080 a year at 27p/kWh.
  • SCOP 3.5 — about £925 a year.
  • SCOP 4.0 — about £810 a year.
  • SCOP 4.5 — about £720 a year.

How to get a higher SCOP

  • Design for the lowest flow temperature the emitters allow.
  • Upsize the worst-performing radiators rather than the whole house.
  • Use weather compensation instead of fixed flow temperature.
  • Avoid oversizing the unit, which causes short cycling.
  • Insulate and draught-seal before the heat loss survey.

Frequently asked questions

What is a good SCOP for a heat pump in the UK?
3.5 to 4.5 for a well-designed air source system. Ground source systems commonly reach 4.0–5.0 because the source temperature is more stable.
What is the difference between COP and SCOP?
COP is efficiency at a single test condition; SCOP is the seasonal average, which is what your bill reflects.
Where do I find the SCOP of my quoted system?
It appears on the MCS performance estimate your installer must provide, stated at the design flow temperature for your home.
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